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A constitutional court is a high court that deals primarily with constitutional law. Its main authority is to rule on whether or not laws that are challenged are in fact unconstitutional, i.e. whether or not they conflict with constitutionally established rights and freedoms. The list in this article is of countries that have a separate constitutional court. Many countries do not have separate constitutional courts, but instead delegate constitutional judicial authority to their supreme court. Nonetheless, such courts are sometimes also called "constitutional courts"; for example, some have called the Supreme Court of the United States "the world's oldest constitutional court" because it was the first court in the world to invalidate a law as unconstitutional (Marbury v. Madison), even though it is not a separate constitutional court. Austria established the world's first separate constitutional court, conceptualised by Hans Kelsen, in 1920 (though it was suspended, along with the constitution that created it, from 1934 to 1945); before that, only the U.S. and Australia had adopted the concept of judicial review through their supreme courts. Constitutional court of Russia (architect Marian Peretiatkovich, 1912).Countries with separate constitutional courts include:
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GNU Free Documentation License  guardian.co.uk Thu, 26 Aug 2010 10:51:14 GMT+00:00 The Guardian South Africa's constitutional court , for example, is built at the site of a notorious jail where thousands of black men were imprisoned and brutalised ...  economist.com Thu, 26 Aug 2010 15:25:41 GMT+00:00 The Economist Fifteen grand buildings, including a new foreign ministry and a constitutional court , were to be built from scratch. Older structures, such as the ...  news24.com Tue, 17 Aug 2010 21:12:06 GMT+00:00 News24 Dr Laurie Nathan, a member of the former ministerial review committee on intelligence, said the reason the bill would not survive Constitutional Court ... Law professor doubts controversial information bill will be passed Primedia Broadcasting - Eyewitness News From Google News Search: "Constitutional court"  economicresources.blogspot.com Edward Hugh ue, 16 Mar 2010 06:35:00 GM Last year's German . constitutional court. ruling on the Lisbon treaty added further impediments to effective eurozone economic governance. The court stated unambiguously that macroeconomic policy must remain the competence of the member ...  purpleunions.com scott ue, 16 Mar 2010 12:58:34 GM The secretary general of the Portuguese Communist Party has expressed confidence that the country's . Constitutional Court. will validate a gay marriage bill, the AP reported. Portugal's Socialist-controlled Parliament, ...  huffingtonpost.com Matt Coles Mon, 15 Mar 2010 20:28:34 GM I suspect that if the Perry plaintiffs lose at the Ninth Circuit, the Supreme . Court. will not take the case even if they ask. Though marriage for same-sex couples is a hot topic in the law, there are few federal . constitutional. decisions ... From Google Blog Search: "Constitutional court" |
